LIBERAL-INTELLECTUAL PRINCIPLES

ARTICLE 44:

It directs the State to secure a UNIFORM CIVIL CODE (UCC) for the citizens throughout the territory of India. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 are some of the measures taken in the direction of securing UCC to the citizens.

ARTICLE 45:

 It directs the State to provide early childhood care and education to all the children until they complete the age of six.

The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) has been playing the central role in providing early childhood care in the areas of Nutrition, Health And Education To Children In Rural Areas, Slums, Underdeveloped Areas And Minority areas through anganwadis.

ARTICLE 48:

It directs the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.

ARTICLE 48A:

 It directs the State to take measures for the protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding forests and wildlife. This article was added by the 42nd constitutional amendment act, 1976. Accordingly, the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, the Environment Protection Act,1986, etc were enacted in line with this directive.

ARTICLE 49:

It directs the State to protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historical interests that are declared to be of national importance by the Parliamentary laws.

The enactment of The Ancient And Historical Monument And Archaeological Sites And Remains Act, 1951 was a step taken in this regard.

ARTICLE 50:

It directs the State to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. The Code Of Criminal Procedure (Crpc) enacted in 1973 took away the judicial powers from the executive authorities such as the District Collector, Sub-Divisional Officers, Tehsildars and others. The judicial powers are vested with the District Judicial Magistrates who are under the control of the High courts.

ARTICLE 51:

 It directs the State to

(a) Promote International Peace And Security,

(B) Maintain Just And Harmonious Relations Between Nations,

(C) Abide By International Law And Treaty Obligations And

(D) Encourage Settlement Of International Disputes Through Arbitration.

India’s foreign policies such as The Panchasheel, Non-Alignment Movement, etc are aligned with the above directives.